Carl Sagan’s “The Demon-Haunted World” is a wonderful primer on the subject, and offers us a “baloney-detection kit” for identifying bad arguments:
- Seek independent confirmation of alleged facts.
- Encourage an open debate about the issue and the available evidence.
- "In science, there are no authorities. At most, there are experts."
- Come up with a variety of competing hypotheses explaining a given outcome. Considering many different explanations will lower the risk of confirmation bias.
- Don't get too attached to your own ideas, lest you get reluctant to reject them even in the face of evidence to the contrary.
- Quantify whenever possible, allowing for easier comparisons between hypotheses' relative explanatory powers.
- Every step in an argument must be logically sound, a single weak link can doom the entire chain.
- When the evidence is inconclusive, use Occam's Razor to discriminate between hypotheses.
- Pay attention to falsifiability. Science does not concern itself with unfalsifiable propositions
arranged by Innaiah Narisetti
with inspiration from Carl Sagan whom he met in 1994 in Washington DC
1 comment:
Innaiah, this is an excellent post. Even though it does not have a lot of comments it has attracted the most page views over the last month - Don 10/7/11
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